Cerebral laterality and body composition in judo athletes

Main Article Content

Tevfik Cem Akalin

Keywords

Cerebral laterality, Body composition, Hand preference, Somatotype, Grip Strength

Abstract

Study Objectives: In this study, it was aimed to determine cerebral lateralization and functional asymmetry of the brain not only by adhering to hand preference, but also with the relation of the foot, eye, ear preferences, and somatotype. Methods: The sample was composed of 120 athletes (79 males and 41 females) who had participated in the Turkish Judo Championship. Their mean age and training experiences were 21.05 years (range 18–26) and 9.61 years (range 3-18) respectively. Hand preference was assessed using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. Some questions were asked to the subjects in the questionnaires in order to evaluate the range of preferences about a foot, eye, and ear. The hand grip strength measurements were made via the Jamar hydraulic hand dynamometer. Total body fat percentage was estimated by single-frequency, 8 electrodes bioelectric impedance analyzer system (BC-418, Tanita Corp, Tokyo, Japan). The components of somatotype were calculated according to the Heath-Carter technique. Data were collected, to SPSS program and Independent Samples T-test and Chi-Square test was used for the analysis of the obtained data. Analysis results were evaluated in the %95 confidence interval. Results: When the distribution of hand preference of the subjects (n= 120) was considered, 87,5% (n= 105) of the subjects preferred the right hand and 12,5% (n= 15) of the subjects preferred the left hand. Somatotype features of judo athletes were determined as the generally mesomorph. Conclusion: The results show that there was a difference between the dominant hand and the preferred foot, eye, and ear, and it is predicted that it can be reliable in all four preferences in determining the cerebral hemispheres. Despite that, according to the dominant hand preferences in judokas, there were no difference between BMI, body fat percentages, and somatotype features.

Abstract 635 | PDF Downloads 262

References

1. Callan M. (Ed.). The Science of Judo. London Routledge: 2019.
2. Margnes E, Paillard T. Teaching balance for judo practitioners. Ido Mov Culture. J Martial Arts Anthrop 2011; 11: 42–46.
3. Ache Dias J, Wentz M, Külkamp W. et al. Is the handgrip strength performance better in judokas than in non-judokas? Science & Sports 2012; 27: e9-e14.
4. Detanico, D., Arins, F., Pupo, J. et al.s, S. (2012). Strength parameters in judo athletes: an approach using hand dominance and weight categories. Human Movement, 13(4), 330-336.
5. Sterkowicz S, Lech G, Blecharz J. Effects of laterality on the technical/tactical behavior in view of the results of judo fights. Arch Budo 2010; 6(4): 173-177.
6. Moran CA. Anatomy of the hand. Phys Ther 1989; 69: 1007–1013.
7. Franchini E, Miarka B, Matheus L. et al. FBD. Endurance in judogi grip strength tests: Comparison between elite and nonelite judo players. Sci Mar Arts 2011; 7: 1–4.
8. Dias JA, Wentz M, Kulkamp et al. NB. Is the handgrip strength performance better in judokas than in non-judokas? Sci Sports 2012; 27: e9–e14.
9. Bonitch-Gongora, JG, Almeida, F, Padial, P, et al. Maximal isometric handgrip strength and endurance differences between elite and non-elite young judo athletes. Sci Mar Arts 2013; 9: 239–248.
10. Cronin J, Lawton T, Harris. Et al. A brief review of handgrip strength and sport performance. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 2017; 31(11): 3187–3217.
11. Broca PP. Perte De Parole. Ramollissement chronique et destruction partielle du lobe antérieur gauche du cerveau. Bull. Soc.Anthropol. 1861 2; 235–238.
12. Ströckens F, Güntürkün O, Ocklenburg S. Limb preferences in non-human vertebrates. Laterality 2013; 18: 536–575.
13. Annett M. The genetic of handedness. Trends Neurosci 1981; 4(C): 256-258.
14. Corballis MC. From mouth to hand: Gesture, speech, and the evolution of right-handedness. Behav Brain Sci 2003; 26(2): 199-208.
15. Peters M, Reimers S, Manning J T. Hand preference for writing and associations with selected demographic and behavioral variables in 255,100 subjects: Te BBC internet study. Brain and Cognition 2006; 62: 177–189.
16. Kushner HI. Why are there (almost) no left-handers in China? Endeavour 2013; 37: 71–81,
17. De Kovel CGF, Carrión‐Castillo A, Francks C. A largescale population study of early life factors influencing left‐handedness. Scientific Reports 2019; 9: 584.
18. Yıldırım S, Dane Ş. Serebral Lateralizasyon ve El Tercihi. The Eurasian Journal of Medicine 2007; 39: 45 - 48.
19. Tan U. Left-right differences in the Hoffmann reflex recovery curve associated with handednees in normal subjects. Int J Psychophysiol 1985; 3: 75-78.
20. Gabbard C. Foot laterality during childhood: a review. Int J Neuroci 1993; 72: 175-182.
21. Pençe S. Serebral Lateralizasyon.Van Tıp Dergisi 2000; 7(3): 120-125.
22. Springer SP, Deutsch G. Left Brain/ Right Brain Perspectives from Cognitive Neuroscience (5th ed.), WH Freeman and Company, New York 1998.
23. Gündoğan NÜ, Yazıcı AC, Şimşek A. Türkiye Klinikleri. J. Med. Sci 2006; 26: 225-231.
24. Geschwind DH, Miller BL, DeCarli C. et al. Heritability of lobar brain volumes in twins supports genetic models of cerebral laterality and handedness. Proc Natl AcadSci USA 2002; 99: 3176–81.
25. Ocklenburg S, Güntürkün O. The Lateralized Brain, The Neuroscience and Evolution of Hemispheric Asymmetries. Academic Press 2018;123-158.
26. Oldfield RC. The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh Inventory. Neuropsychologia 1971; 9(1): 97-113.
27. Stoodley C, Schmahmann JD. Functional topography in the human cerebellum: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. NeuroImage 2009; 44(2): 489–501.
28. Houk JC, Wise SP. Distributed modular architectures linking basal ganglia, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex: their role in planning and controlling action. Cereb Cortex 1995; 5(2): 95–110.
29. Buckner RL. The cerebellum and cognitive function: 25 years of insight from anatomy and neuroimaging. Neuron. 2013; 80(3): 807–15.
30. Jansen A, Flöel A, Van Randenborgh J. et al. Crossed cerebro-cerebellar language dominance. Hum Brain Mapp. 2005; 24(3): 165–72.
31. Gelinas JN, Fitzpatrick KPV, Kim HC, Bjornson BH. Cerebellar language mapping and cerebral language dominance in pediatric epilepsy surgery patients. NeuroImage Clin. 2014; 6: 296–306.
32. Striemer CL, Chouinard PA, Goodale MA, de Ribaupierre S. Overlapping neural circuits for visual attention and eye movements in the human cerebellum. Neuropsychologia. 2015; 69: 9-21.
33. Tomlinson SP, Davis NJ, Morgan HM. Et al. Cerebellar contributions to spatial memory. Neurosci Lett. 2014; 578: 182–6.
34. Peterburs J, Cheng DT, Desmond JE. The association between eye movements and cerebellar activation in a verbal working memory task. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26: 3802-3813.
35. Peterburs J, Thürling M, Rustemeier M. et al. A cerebellar role in performance monitoring evidence from EEG and voxel-based morphometry in patients with cerebellar degenerative disease. Neuropsychologia 2015 ;68: 139–47.
36. Jaric S. Muscle strength testing: Use of normalization for body size. Sports Med 2002; 32 (10): 615–631.
37. Carter JEL, Heath HB. Somatotyping–development and application. Cambridge University Press, 1990.
38. Duquet W, Carter JEL. Somatotyping. In: Eston R, Reilly T, (Eds). Kinanthropometry and exercise physiology laboratory manual. London: E & FN Spon. 1996; 35-50.
39. Ackland TR, Lohman TG, Sundgot-Borgen, J. et al. Current Status of Body Composition Assessment in Sport. Sports Med 2012; 42: 227–249.
40. Gallagher D, Shaheen I, Zafar K. State-of-the-art measurements in human body composition: A moving frontier of clinical importance. Int J Body Compos Res. 2008; 6(4): 141-148.
41. Prentice AM, Jebb SA . Beyond body mass index. Obes Rev 2001; 2: 141–147.
42. Schwartz MW, Morton GJ. Obesity: keeping hunger at bay. Nature 2002; 418: 595–597.
43. Small CJ, Bloom SR. Gut hormones and the control of appetite. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2004; 15: 259–263.
44. Tataranni PA, Delparigi A. Functional neuroimaging: a new generation of human brain studies in obesity research. Obes Rev. 2003; 4: 229–238.
45. Holsen LM, Zarcone JR, Brooks WM. et al. Neural mechanisms underlying hyperplasia in Prader Willi syndrome Obesity 2006; 14 (6): 1028-1037.
46. Goldberg E, Roediger D, Kucukboyaci NE. et al. Hemispheric asymmetries of cortical volume in the human brain. Cortex 2013; 49: 200–210.
47. Kulaksız G, Gozil R. The effect of hand preference on hand anthropometric measurements in healthy individuals. Annals of Anatomy 2002: 184(3); 257–265.
48. Saudino K, McManus IC. Handedness, footedness, eyedness and earedness in the Colorado Adoption Project. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 1998: 16; 167-174.
49. Mathiowetz V, Kashman N, Volland G, et al. Grip and pinch strength: normative data for adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1985: 66; 69-72.
50. Pietrobelli A, Rubiano F, St-Onge MP. et al. New bioimpedance analysis system: improved phenotyping with whole-body analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004; 58 (11): 1479-1484.
51. Sluyter JD, Schaaf D, Scragg RK. et al. Prediction of fatness by standing 8-electrode bioimpedance: a multiethnic adolescent population. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18 (1): 183-189.
52. Ellis SJ, Ellis PJ, Marshall E. et al. Is forced dextrality an explanation for the fall in the prevalence of sinistrality with age? A study in northern England. J Epidemiol Community Health 1998; 52: 41–44.
53. Gilbert AN, Wysocki CJ. Hand preference and age in the United States. Neuropsychologia 1992; 30: 601–608
54. Knecht S, Deppe M, Drager B. et al. Language lateralization in healthy right-handers. Brain. 2000;123 (Pt 1): 74–81.
55. Corballis MC, Badzakova-Trajkov G, Häberling IS. Right hand, left brain: genetic and evolutionary bases of cerebral asymmetries for language and manual action. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Cogn. Sci. 2012; 3: 1–17
56. Tarman S. Hand Dominance and Cerebral Lateralization in Musicians. Ankara: Müzik Eğitimi Yayınları, 2007.
57. Tat H. The Effect of Lateralization on Hand Grip Strength and Reaction Time in Men and Women. OMÜ Sağlık Blimleri Enstitüsü Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim Dalı Yayınlanmamış Yuksek Lisans Tezi. 1999.
58. Gümüş M, Akalın TC. The hand preference of the national sportsmen and evaluation of the grasp forces. International Journal of Academic Research, 2016; 8(6): 45-50.
59. Gursoy R. Effects of left- or right-hand preference on the success of boxers in turkey. Brit J Sport Med 2009; 43(2): 142-144
60. Loffing F, Hagemann N, Strauss B. Left-handedness in professional and amateur tennis. PLoS ONE 2012; 7(11).
61. Wood CJ, Aggleton JP. Handedness in ‘fast ball’ sports: Do left-handers have an innate advantage? Brit J Psychol 1989; 80: Pt 2.
62. Baker J, Schorer J. The southpaw advantage? -Lat­eral preference in Mixed Martial Arts. PLoS ONE 2013; 8(11).
63. Grouios G. Motoric dominance and sporting excellence: Training versus heredity. Percept Motor Skill 2004; 98(1): 53-66
64. Franchini E., Velly Nunes A, Morrison J. et al. Physical fitness and anthropometrical profile of the Brazilian male judo team. J. Physiol. Anthropol 2007; 26: 59–67.
65. Dane S, Balci N. Handedness, eyedness and nasal cycle in children with outism. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience 2007; 25(4): 223–226
66. Tran US, Voracek M. Footedness Is Associated with Self-Reported Sporting Performance and Motor Abilities in the General Population. Front Psychol. 2016; 7: 1199.
67. Bourassa DC. McManus IC, Bryden MP. Handedness and eye-dominance: a meta-analysis of their relationship. Laterality (1996); 1 (1): 5-34.
68. Suzuki K, Ando J. Genetic and environmental structure of individual differences in hand, foot, and ear preferences: a twin study. Laterality: Asymmetries Body Brain Cogn. 2014; 19(1): 113–28.
69. McManus IC, Bryden MP. The genetics of handedness, cerebral dominance and lateralization. in Handbook of Neuropsychology: (Vol. 6. Child Neuropsychology eds Rapin I., Segalowitz S. J. (Amsterdam: Elsevier;) 1992; 115–142.
70. Annett M. The growth of manual preference and speed. Br. J. Psychol. 1970; 61: 545–558.
71. Barut Ç, Özer CM, Yünten Z. et al. Genç Erişkinlerde El, Ayak ve Göz Tercihi Sıklığının Belirlenmesi: Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi Medi Forum. 2004; 2(2).
72. Bryden PJ, Roy EA, Rohr LE. et al. Task demands affect manual asymmetries in pegboard performance. Laterality 2007; 12: 364–377.
73. Corey DM, Hurley MM, Foundas AL. Right and left handedness defined: a multivariate approach using hand preference and hand performance measures. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol. Behav. Neurol. 2011; 4: 144–152.
74. Davis JJ, Wall JR, Ramos CK, Whitney KA, Barisa MT. Using grip strength force curves to detect simulation: a preliminary investigation. Arch Clin Neuropsych 2010; 25: 204-11.
75. Sande LP, Coury HJCG, Oishi J, et al. Effect of musculoskeletal disorders on prehension strength. Appl Ergon 2001; 32: 609-16.
76. Izawa KP, Watanabe S, Osada N. et al. Handgrip strength as a predictor of prognosis in Japanese patients with congestive heart failure. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2009; 16: 21-7.
77. Imrhan SN. Twohanded static grip strengths in males: the influence of grip width. Int J Ind Ergonom 2003; 31: 303-11.
78. Nicolay CW, Walker AL. Grip strength and endurance: influences of anthropometric variation, hand dominance, and gender. Int J Ind Ergonom 2005; 35: 605-18.
79. Grant S, Hynes V, Whittaker A. et al. Anthropometric, strength, endurance and flexibility characteristics of elite and recreational climbers. J Sports Sci 1996; 14: 301-9.
80. Green JG, Stannard SR. Active recovery strategies and handgrip performance in trained vs untrained climbers. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24: 494-501.
81. Garcia Pallares J, Lopez-Gullon JM, Torres-Bonete MD. et al. Physical fitness factors to predict female Olympic wrestling performance and sex differences. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26: 794–803.
82. Koley S, Singh AP. Effect of hand dominance in grip strength in collegiate population of Amritsar. Punjab, India. Anthropologist 2010; 12 (1): 13-16.
83. Roklicer R, Atanasov D, Sadri F. et al. Somatotype of male and female judokas according to weight categories, Biomedical Human Kinetics, 2020; 12(1): 34-40.
84. Lewandowska J, Buśko K, Pastuszak A. et al. Somatotype variables related to muscle torque and power in judoists. Journal of Human Kinetics 2011; 30: 21-28.
85. Sterkowicz-Przybycień, K, Błach W, Żarów R. Somatotype components in judoists. Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts 2012; 3: 73-78.
86. Franchini E, Takito MY, Kiss M. et al. Physical Fitness and Anthropometrical Differences. Biology of Sport 2005; 22: 315–328.
87. Milošević N, Mekić A, Stanković N. et al. Somatotype Of Top Serbıan Judokas, Homo Sportıcus 2016; 2.
88. Lewandowska J, Buśko K, Pastuszak A. et al. Somatotype variables related to muscle torque and power in judoists. J. Hum. Kinet. 2011; 30: 5-12.
89. Buśko K, Pastuszak A, Kalka E. Body composition and somatotype of judo athletes and untrained male students as a reference group for comparison in sport, Biomedical Human Kinetics, 2017; 9(1): 7-13.
90. Krawzcyk B, Sklad M. Jackiewicz A. Heath-Carter somatotypes of athletes representing various sports. Biology of Sport 1997; 14(4): 305-310.
91. Monterrosa Quintero A, da Rosa Orssatto LB, Pulgarín RD. et al. Physical Performance, Body Composition and Somatotype in Colombian Judo Athletes. Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology 2019; 19(2): 56-63.
92. Franchini E, Del Vecchio FB, Matsushigue KA. et al. Physiological Profiles of Elite Judo Athletes. Sports Med 2011; 41:147–166.