Advanced diagnostic imaging and intervention in tendon diseases

Main Article Content

Federico Bruno
Pierpaolo Palumbo
Francesco Arrigoni
Silvia Mariani
Giacomo Aringhieri
Marina Carotti
Raffaele Natella
Marcello Zappia
Paola Cipriani
Roberto Giacomelli
Ernesto Di Cesare
Alessandra Splendiani
Carlo Masciocchi
Antonio Barile https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0253-3583

Keywords

tendon, tendinosis, MRI, T2 mapping, ultrasound elastography

Abstract

Degenerative tendon pathology represents one of the most frequent and disabling musculoskeletal disorders. Diagnostic radiology plays a fundamental role in the clinical evaluation of tendon pathologies. Moreover, several minimally invasive treatments can be performed under imaging guidance to treat tendon disorders, maximizing the efficacy and reducing procedural complications. In this review article we describe the most relevant diagnostic features of conventional and advanced US and MRI imaging in tendon disorders, along with the main options for image-guided intervention.

Abstract 617 | PDF Downloads 206

References

1. Bruno F, Arrigoni F, Palumbo P, et al. The Acutely Injured Wrist. Radiol Clin North Am 2019; 57: 943-55.
2. Bruno F, Arrigoni F, Palumbo P, et al. New advances in MRI diagnosis of degenerative osteoarthropathy of the peripheral joints. Radiol Med 2019; 124: 1121-27.
3. Bruno F, Barile A, Arrigoni F, et al. Weight-bearing MRI of the knee: a review of advantages and limits. Acta Biomed 2018; 89: 78-88.
4. Zoccali C, Arrigoni F, Mariani S, Bruno F, Barile A, Masciocchi C. An unusual localization of chondroblastoma: The triradiate cartilage; from a case report a reconstructive technique proposal with imaging evolution. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2017; 8: S48-s52.
5. Giacomelli R, Gorla R, Trotta F, et al. Quality of life and unmet needs in patients with inflammatory arthropathies: results from the multicentre, observational RAPSODIA study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015; 54: 792-7.
6. Giacomelli R, Afeltra A, Alunno A, et al. Guidelines for biomarkers in autoimmune rheumatic diseases - evidence based analysis. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18: 93-106.
7. Giacomelli R, Ruscitti P, Shoenfeld Y. A comprehensive review on adult onset Still’s disease. J Autoimmun 2018; 93: 24-36.
8. Cipriani P, Di Benedetto P, Ruscitti P, et al. Perivascular Cells in Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis Overexpress Activated ADAM12 and Are Involved in Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation and Development of Fibrosis. J Rheumatol 2016; 43: 1340-9.
9. Giacomelli R, Liakouli V, Berardicurti O, et al. Interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis: current and future treatment. Rheumatol Int 2017; 37: 853-63.
10. Di Geso L, Zardi EM, Afeltra A, et al. Comparison between conventional and automated software-guided ultrasound assessment of bilateral common carotids intimamedia thickness in patients with rheumatic diseases. Clin Rheumatol 2012; 31: 881-4.
11. Salaffi F, Carotti M, Di Carlo M, Farah S, Gutierrez M. Adherence to Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy Administered Subcutaneously and Associated Factors in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol 2015; 21: 419-25.
12. Carotti M, Salaffi F, Di Carlo M, Giovagnoni A. Relationship between magnetic resonance imaging findings, radiological grading, psychological distress and pain in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Radiol Med 2017; 122: 934-43.
13. Pogliacomi F, De Filippo M, Paraskevopoulos A, Alesci M, Marenghi P, Ceccarelli F. Mini-incision direct lateral approach versus anterior mini-invasive approach in total hip replacement: results 1 year after surgery. Acta Biomed 2012; 83: 114-21.
14. De Filippo M, Pesce A, Barile A, et al. Imaging of postoperative shoulder instability. Musculoskelet Surg 2017; 101: 15-22.
15. Barile A, Bruno F, Arrigoni F, et al. Emergency and Trauma of the Ankle. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2017; 21: 282- 89.
16. Barile A, Bruno F, Mariani S, et al. Follow-up of surgical and minimally invasive treatment of Achilles tendon pathology: a brief diagnostic imaging review. Musculoskelet Surg 2017; 101: 51-61.
17. Zoccali C, Rossi B, Zoccali G, et al. A new technique for biopsy of soft tissue neoplasms: a preliminary experience using MRI to evaluate bleeding. Minerva Med 2015; 106: 117-20.
18. Di Pietto F, Chianca V, de Ritis R, et al. Postoperative imaging in arthroscopic hip surgery. Musculoskelet Surg 2017; 101: 43-49.
19. Barile A, Bruno F, Mariani S, et al. What can be seen after rotator cuff repair: a brief review of diagnostic imaging findings. Musculoskelet Surg 2017; 101: (Suppl1): 3-14
20. Patriarca L, Letteriello M, Di Cesare E, Barile A, Gallucci M, Splendiani A. Does evaluator experience have an im pact on the diagnosis of lumbar spine instability in dynamic MRI? Interobserver agreement study. Neuroradiol J 2015; 28: 341-6
21. Arrigoni F, Napoli A, Bazzocchi A, et al. Magnetic-resonance- guided focused ultrasound treatment of non-spinal osteoid osteoma in children: multicentre experience. Pediatr Radiol 2019; 49: 1209-16.
22. Cazzato RL, Arrigoni F, Boatta E, et al. Percutaneous management of bone metastases: state of the art, interventional strategies and joint position statement of the Italian College of MSK Radiology (ICoMSKR) and the Italian College of Interventional Radiology (ICIR). Radiol Med 2019; 124: 34-49.
23. Putz R, Muller-Gerbl M. [Anatomy and pathology of tendons]. Orthopade 1995; 24: 180-6.
24. Nakagaki K, Ozaki J, Tomita Y, Tamai S. Magnetic resonance imaging of rotator cuff tearing and degenerative tendon changes: Correlation with histologic pathology. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1993; 2: 156-64.
25. Backman C, Boquist L, Friden J, Lorentzon R, Toolanen G. Chronic achilles paratenonitis with tendinosis: an experimental model in the rabbit. J Orthop Res 1990; 8: 541-7.
26. Weinreb JH, Sheth C, Apostolakos J, et al. Tendon structure, disease, and imaging. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2014; 4: 66-73.
27. Piccolo CL, Galluzzo M, Ianniello S, et al. Pediatric musculoskeletal injuries: role of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Musculoskelet Surg 2017; 101: 85-102.
28. Perrotta FM, Astorri D, Zappia M, Reginelli A, Brunese L, Lubrano E. An ultrasonographic study of enthesis in early psoriatic arthritis patients naive to traditional and biologic DMARDs treatment. Rheumatol Int 2016; 36: 1579-83.
29. Zappia M, Reginelli A, Russo A, et al. Long head of the biceps tendon and rotator interval. Musculoskelet Surg 2013; 97 Suppl 2: S99-108.
30. Zytoon AA, Eid H, Sakr A, El Abbass HA, Kamel M. Ultrasound assessment of elbow enthesitis in patients with seronegative arthropathies. J Ultrasound 2014; 17: 33-40.
31. Syha R, Springer F, Ketelsen D, et al. Achillodynia - radiological imaging of acute and chronic overuse injuries of the achilles tendon. Rofo 2013; 185: 1041-55.
32. Gurgenidze T, Mizandari MG, Gadeliia GT. [Normal sonoanatomy and ultrasound diagnosis of achilles tendon pathology]. Georgian Med News 2009; 119-25.
33. Cortellini A, Bozzetti F, Palumbo P, et al. Weighing the role of skeletal muscle mass and muscle density in cancer patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors: a multicenter real-life study. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 1456.
34. Weber J, Buchhorn T. [Midportion Achilles tendinopathy]. Unfallchirurg 2017; 120: 1038-43.
35. Anz AW, Lucas EP, Fitzcharles EK, Surowiec RK, Millett PJ, Ho CP. MRI T2 mapping of the asymptomatic supraspinatus tendon by age and imaging plane using clinically relevant subregions. Eur J Radiol 2014; 83: 801-5.
36. Bachmann E, Rosskopf AB, Gotschi T, et al. T1- and T2*- Mapping for Assessment of Tendon Tissue Biophysical Properties: A Phantom MRI Study. Invest Radiol 2019; 54: 212-20.
37. Ganal E, Ho CP, Wilson KJ, et al. Quantitative MRI characterization of arthroscopically verified supraspinatus pathology: comparison of tendon tears, tendinosis and asymptomatic supraspinatus tendons with T2 mapping. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016; 24: 2216-24.
38. Fusini F, Langella F, Busilacchi A, et al. Real-time sonoelastography: principles and clinical applications in tendon disorders. A systematic review. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2017; 7: 467-77.
39. Klauser AS, Miyamoto H, Tamegger M, et al. Achilles tendon assessed with sonoelastography: histologic agreement. Radiology 2013; 267: 837-42.
40. Tan S, Kudas S, Ozcan AS, et al. Real-time sonoelastography of the Achilles tendon: pattern description in healthy subjects and patients with surgically repaired complete ruptures. Skeletal Radiol 2012; 41: 1067-72.
41. Ooi CC, Malliaras P, Schneider ME, Connell DA. “Soft, hard, or just right?” Applications and limitations of axialstrain sonoelastography and shear-wave elastography in the assessment of tendon injuries. Skeletal Radiol 2014; 43: 1-12.
42. Busilacchi A, Olivieri M, Ulisse S, et al. Real-time sonoelastography as novel follow-up method in Achilles tendon surgery. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016; 24: 2124-32.
43. Tudisco C, Bisicchia S, Stefanini M, Antonicoli M, Masala S, Simonetti G. Tendon quality in small unilateral supraspinatus tendon tears. Real-time sonoelastography correlates with clinical findings. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015; 23: 393-8.
44. Lopez-Royo MP, Gomez-Trullen EM, Ortiz-Lucas M, et al. Comparative study of treatment interventions for patellar tendinopathy: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2020; 10: e034304.
45. Carrafiello G, Dionigi G, Ierardi AM, et al. Efficacy, safety and effectiveness of image-guided percutaneous microwave ablation in cystic renal lesions Bosniak III or IV after 24 months follow up. Int J Surg 2013; 11 Suppl 1: S30-5.
46. Ierardi AM, Piacentino F, Fontana F, et al. The role of endovascular treatment of pelvic fracture bleeding in emergency settings. Eur Radiol 2015; 25: 1854-64.
47. Ierardi AM, Tsetis D, Ioannou C, et al. Ultra-low profile polymer-filled stent graft for abdominal aortic aneurysm treatment: a two-year follow-up. Radiol Med 2015; 120: 542-8.
48. Carrafiello G, Ierardi AM, Duka E, et al. Usefulness of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Automatic Vessel Detection Software in Emergency Transarterial Embolization. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2016; 39: 530-7.
49. Arrigoni F, Bruno F, Zugaro L, et al. Developments in the management of bone metastases with interventional radiology. Acta Biomed 2018; 89: 166-74.
50. Floridi C, Pesapane F, Angileri SA, et al. Yttrium-90 radioembolization treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a single-centre prognostic factors analysis. Med Oncol 2017; 34: 174.
51. Peck E, Jelsing E, Onishi K. Advanced Ultrasound-Guided Interventions for Tendinopathy. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2016; 27: 733-48.
52. Adler RS, Sofka CM. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided injections in the musculoskeletal system. Ultrasound Q 2003; 19: 3-12.
53. Barile A, La Marra A, Arrigoni F, et al. Anaesthetics, steroids and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in ultrasound-guided musculoskeletal procedures. Br J Radiol 2016; 89: 20150355.
54. Hung CY, Chang KV. Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Needle Tenotomy with Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection for an Uncommon Case of Proximal Gluteus Medius Tendinopathy. J Med Ultrasound 2019; 27: 111-12.
55. Mattie R, Wong J, McCormick Z, Yu S, Saltychev M, Laimi K. Percutaneous Needle Tenotomy for the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. PM R 2017; 9: 603-11.
56. Hopkins J, Sampson M. Percutaneous tenotomy: Development of a novel, percutaneous, ultrasound-guided needlecutting technique for division of tendons and other connective tissue structures. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2014; 58: 327-30.
57. Maffulli N, Spiezia F, Longo UG, Denaro V, Maffulli GD. High volume image guided injections for the management of chronic tendinopathy of the main body of the Achilles tendon. Phys Ther Sport 2013; 14: 163-7.
58. Crisp T, Khan F, Padhiar N, et al. High volume ultrasound guided injections at the interface between the patellar tendon and Hoffa’s body are effective in chronic patellar tendinopathy: A pilot study. Disabil Rehabil 2008; 30: 1625-34.
59. Kaux JF, Libertiaux V, Dupont L, et al. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and tendon healing: comparison between fresh and frozen-thawed PRP. Platelets 2020; 31: 221-25.
60. Yuan T, Zhang CQ, Wang JH. Augmenting tendon and ligament repair with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2013; 3: 139-49.
61. Rees JD, Stride M, Scott A. Tendons--time to revisit inflammation. Br J Sports Med 2014; 48: 1553-7.
62. Kaux JF, Samson A, Crielaard JM. Hyaluronic acid and tendon lesions. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2015; 5: 264-9.
63. Abate M, Schiavone C, Salini V. The use of hyaluronic acid after tendon surgery and in tendinopathies. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014: 783632.
64. Bruno F, Smaldone F, Varrassi M, et al. MRI findings in lumbar spine following O2-O3 chemiodiscolysis: A long term follow-up. Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences 2017; 23: 444-450
65. Bruno F, Arrigoni F, Palumbo P, et al. New advances in MRI diagnosis of degenerative osteoarthropathy of the peripheral joints. Radiol Med 2019; 124: 1121-27.
66. Mariani S, La Marra A, Arrigoni F, et al. Dynamic measurement of patello-femoral joint alignment using weight-bearing magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI). European journal of radiology 2015; 84: 2571-8.
67. Masciocchi C, Arrigoni F, Ferrari F, et al. Uterine fibroid therapy using interventional radiology mini-invasive treatments: current perspective. Med Oncol 2017; 34: 52.
68. Masciocchi C, Arrigoni F, La Marra A, Mariani S, Zugaro L, Barile A. Treatment of focal benign lesions of the bone: MRgFUS and RFA. The British journal of radiology 2016; 89: 20150356-20150356.
69. Salvati F, Rossi F, Limbucci N, Pistoia ML, Barile A, Masciocchi C. Mucoid metaplastic degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness 2008; 48: 483-487.
70. Zappia M, Castagna A, Barile A, Chianca V, Brunese L, Pouliart N. Imaging of the coracoglenoid ligament: a third ligament in the rotator interval of the shoulder. Skeletal Radiol 2017; 46: 1101-11.