Lymphopenia and neutrophilia at admission predicts severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis

Lymphopenia and neutrophilia at admission predicts severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis

Authors

  • Brandon Henry 1. Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
  • Isaac Cheruiyot School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
  • Jens Vikse Clinical Immunology Unit, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
  • Victor Mutua School of Medicine, University of Nairobi
  • Vincent Kipkorir School of Medicine, University of Nairobi
  • Justin Benoit 4. Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
  • Mario Plebani Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
  • Nicola Bragazzi 6. Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Canada
  • Giuseppe Lippi Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

Keywords:

lymphocytes; neutrophils; SARS-CoV-2; outcomes; laboratory medicine; prognosis

Abstract

Background: There is a compelling need to identify clinical and laboratory predictors of unfavorable clinical course and death in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A trend towards low lymphocyte count and high neutrophil counts in patients with poor outcomes has been reported by earlier studies. We aim to synthesize existing data evaluating the relationship between clinical outcomes and abnormal neutrophil and lymphocyte counts at admission in COVID-19 patients. Methods: An electronic search was carried out in PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) to identify eligible studies reporting frequency data on neutrophilia and lymphopenia at admission in hospitalization in COVID-19 patients. Pooled odds ratios of clinical outcomes for each parameter were calculated using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. Results: A total of 22 studies (4,969 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. Lymphopenia at admission was found to be significantly associated with increased odd of progression to severe disease (odds ratio [OR], 4.20; 95% confidence interval [95CI%], 3.46-5.09) and death (OR, 3.71; 95%CI, 1.63-8.44). Neutrophilia at admission was also found to be significantly associated with increased odd of progression to severe disease (OR, 7.99; 95%CI, 1.77-36.14) and death (OR, 7.87; 95%CI, 1.75-35.35). Subgroup analysis revealed that COVID-19 patients with severe lymphopenia (<0.5 x10×9/L) had 12-fold increased odds of in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: Admission lymphopenia and neutrophilia are associated with poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Regular monitoring and early and even more aggressive intervention shall hence be advisable in patients with low lymphocyte and high neutrophil counts. These variables may be useful in risk stratification models.

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Published

07-09-2020

Issue

Section

ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS/COMMENTARIES - SPECIAL COVID19

How to Cite

1.
Henry B, Cheruiyot I, Vikse J, Mutua V, Kipkorir V, Benoit J, et al. Lymphopenia and neutrophilia at admission predicts severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis. Acta Biomed [Internet]. 2020 Sep. 7 [cited 2024 Oct. 4];91(3):e2020008. Available from: https://www.mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/actabiomedica/article/view/10217