Investigation of Sports-Trained Students' Eating Habits according to Some Parameters Before and During the Coronavirus Outbreak

Main Article Content

Yunus Yildirim
Necla Ezgi Muftuoglu
Osman Imamoglu

Keywords

Nutrition, Athlete, Student, Eating habit

Abstract

Study Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the eating habits of university sports trained students according to some parameters during the coronavirus pandemic. Methods: The questionnaires filled out by a total of 333 students studying at Mersin University Faculty of Sport Sciences were evaluated. Independent t-test, paired t-test, one-way variance analysis, and LSD tests were used in statistical processes (p>0.05). Results: Students' pre-pandemic eating habits scores are significantly lower than those of the pandemic eating habits (p<0.001). The difference between the scores of students who made changes in nutrition and those who did not change was found statistically significant (p<0.05).  The difference in nutritional habits scores according to the team and individual sports status is statistically insignificant (p>0.05). During the pandemic process, the nutritional habits scores significantly changed according to whether or not students skip meals and the number of daily meals (p<0.05). Again, nutritional habit scores vary significantly depending on the state of use of supplements (p<0.001). Watching television and following coronavirus news on the internet exposure to coronavirus news in social media has been shown to affect eating habits (p<0.01). Conclusion:  During the coronavirus pandemic, it was determined that there was little change in the nutritional habits of students who received sports training at the university. Students' eating habits are at moderate risk. The risk level of eating habits decreased in those who used supplements in their diet. Sports-trained students ' eating habits were similar according to gender, team and individual sports status, while daily skipping meals, the number of meals eaten daily, the state of use of supplement products, monitoring news of the coronavirus on social media, and exposure were observed to vary according to the state.

Abstract 541 | PDF Downloads 232

References

1) Akyol, P., Çelik, A. (2020). Covid-19 salgını sürecinde paramedik öğrencilerinin beslenme
alışkanlıklarının araştırılması. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 25-37. https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44386
2) Altın M. (2015). Üniversite öğrencilerinin beslenme alışkanlıkları ve obezite ilişkisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi/Konya Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 87-96.
3) Arce, M.,Michopoulos, V., Shepard, K. N., Ha, Q.-C., & Wilson, M. E. (2010). Diet choice, cortisol reactivity, and emotional feeding in socially house dr hesus monkeys. Physiology&behavior, 101(4), 446-455. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.07.010
4) Arlı, M.,Şanlıer, N., Küçükkömürler, S., Yaman, M. (2017). Anne ve çocuk beslenmesi. Pegem Akademi, 43-44. ISBN 978-975-6802-68-7
5) Arpa Zemzemoğlu, T.E., Erem, S., Uludağ, E., Uzun, S. (2019). Sağlık bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinin beslenme alışkanlıklarının belirlenmesi. FoodandHealth, 5(3), 185-196. https://doi.org/10.3153/FH19020
6) Atan T. İmamoğlu O. (2020). Nutritional Habits According to Gender, Stage of Exercise Behaviorand BMI, Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, Volume: 22 - Issue: 3 - Pages: 505-512
7) Boretti, A.,&Banik, B. K. (2020). Intravenous Vitamin C forreduction of cytokines storm in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Pharma Nutrition, 12, 100190. doi:10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100190
8) Carr, A. C. (2020). A newclinicaltrialto test high-dose vitamin C in patientswith COVID-19. Critical Care, 24(1), 133. doi:10.1186/s13054-020-02851-4
9) Chourdakis, M.,Tzellos, T., Papazisis, G., Toulis, K., Kou-velas, D. (2010). Eating habits, health attitudes and obesity in dices among medical students in northern Greece. Appetite, 55, 722-725.
10) Cheng, R. Z. (2020). Can early and high intravenous dose of vitamin C prevent and treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? In Med Drug Discov(Vol. 5, pp. 100028).
11) Christ, A.,Lauterbach, M., &Latz, E. (2019). Western Diet and the Immune System: An Inflammatory Connection. Immunity, 51(5), 794-811. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2019.09.020
12) Çalıştır, B., Dereli, F., Eksen, M., Aktaş, S. (2005). Muğla Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin beslenme konusunda bilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 1-8.
13) Çebi M.,Eliöz M., Yamak B., İmamoğlu O., Aksoy Y. (2020). Investigation of food consumption frequency in sports faculty students Progress in Nutrition, Vol. 22, N. 2: 507-514
14) De Heredia, F. P.,Gómez-Martínez, S., &Marcos, A. (2012). Obesity, inflammation and the immune system. ProcNutrSoc, 71(2), 332-338. doi:10.1017/s0029665112000092
15) Demirezen E. (1999). 11-17 Yaş grubu Okul Çağı Çocuklarda Koroner Kalp Hastalıkları Risk Etmenlerin Belirlenmesi, İstanbul Üniversitesi sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul.
16) Demirezen E.,Çoşansu G. (2005).EvaluatingDietaryPattern in Adolescence, STED,14(8):174-178
17) Erol A. High-doseintravenous vitamin C treatmentfor COVID-19. Osfpreprints [Internet]. 2020 Feb [cited 2020 July 8]. Availablefrom: https://osf.io/p7ex8/. doi: 10.31219/osf.io/p7ex8.
18) Flaskerud, J. H. (2015). Moodandfood. IssuesMentHealthNurs, 36(4), 307-310. doi:10.3109/01612840.2014.962677
19) Gao J, Zheng P, Jia Y, Chen H, Mao Y, Chen S, et al. (2020) Mental health problems and socialmedia exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231924. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231924
20) Gariboğlu G., Bozar N. (2020). Changes To The Nutritional Habit of The Individuals in Social Isolation in The Covid-19 Pandemic, Pearson Journal of Social Sciences& Humanities,6(6),100-113
21) Gençalp D.E. (2020). Evaluation of Dietary Habits and Physical Activity Status of First and EmergencyAidStudents in COVID-19 Outbreak Period, Journal of Paramedic and Emergency Health Services, PASHİD 1(1),01-15.
22) Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL, et al. (2020). Evidencethat vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Nutrients, 12:988.
23) Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL, Baggerly CA, French CB, Aliano JL, et al. Evidencethat vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infection sand deaths. Nutr. 2020;12(4):988.
24) Ilie, P. C.,Stefanescu, S., & Smith, L. (2020). The role of vitamin D in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality. Aging ClinExpRes, 1-4. doi:10.1007/s40520-020-01570-8
25) İmamoğlu O, Ağaoğlu YS, Eker H.(2010). The investigation of nutritional habits of department of physical education and sports students in different cities, Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 12:4:1-12.
26) Jayawardena R, Sooriyaarachchi P, Chourdakis M, Jeewandara C, Ranasinghe P. (2020). Enhancing immunity in viral infections, with special emphasis on COVID-19: a review. DiabetesMetabSyndr, 14: 367–382.
27) Jayne, J. M.,Ayala, R., Karl, J. P., Deschamps, B. A., McGraw, S. M., O'Connor, K., . . . Cole, R. E. (2020). Body weight status, perceived stress, and emotional eating among US Army Soldiers: A mediator model. EatBehav, 36, 101367. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101367
28) Kaleli, S., Kılıç, N., Erdoğan, M., Erdoğan, N. (2017). Sa-karya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi öğrencilerinin beslenme alışkanlıkları. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 12-18.
29) Khoramipour K.,Basereh A., Ahmadi Hekmatikar A., Castell L., TaskinRuhee R. , Suzuki K. (2021). Physical activity and nutrition guide lines to help with the fight against COVID-19, Journal of Sports Sciences, 39:1, 101-107, DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1807089
30) Kim, J.,Choue, R., &Lim, H. (2016). Differences of Socio-psychology, Eating Behavior, Diet Quality and Quality of Life in South Korean Women according to Their Weight Status. ClinNutrRes, 5(3), 161-171. doi:10.7762/cnr.2016.5.3.161
31) Koldaş, G. (2017). Marmara bölgesinde Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulunda öğrenim gören beslenme dersi almış olan öğrencilerin beslenme konusundaki bilgi düzeylerinin incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul
32) Lange KW, Nakamura Y. (2020). Foodbioactives, micronutrients, immune function and COVID-19. J FoodBioact, 10: 1– 8.
33) Naja, F.,Hamadeh, R. (2020). Nutritionamidthe COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-level framework foraction. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-020-0634-3.
34) Narayanan N, Nair DT. Vitamin B12 may inhibit RNA dependent-RNA polymerase activity of nsp12 fromthe SARS-CoV-2 Virus. Preprints [Internet]. 2020 Mar [cited 2020 July 8]. Availablefrom: https://www.preprints. org/manuscript/202003.0347/v1. doi: 10.20944/ preprints202003.0347.v1.
35) Onurlubaş, E., Doğan, H.G., Demirkıran, S. (2015). Üniver-site öğrencilerinin beslenme alışkanlıkları. Gaziosman-paşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(3), 61-69.
36) Sarfraz, I.,Rasul, A., Hussain, G., Adem, S., & Ali, M. (2020). Natural immune boosters as first-linear moursto combatviral infection-COVID19: Mythorscience? Preprints, 03(4), 27. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202003.0427.v1
37) Sarıoğlu O., İmamoğlu O., Atan T. Türkmen M., Akyol P.(2012). Beden Eğitimi Bölümünde Okuyan Farklı Branşlardaki Öğrencilerin Beslenme Alışkanlıklarının İncelenmesi, Selçuk University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science,; 14(1): 88–94
38) Saygın, M.,Öngel, K., Çalışkan, S., Yağlı, M.A., Has, M., Gonca, T., Kurt, Y. (2011). Süleyman Demirel Üniver-sitesi öğrencilerinin beslenme alışkanlıkları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(2), 43-47.
39) Seyhan, S. (2018). Evaluation of theuse of nutrition support products in taekwondo athletes, Journal of Educationand Learning, 7 (6), 222-229.
40) Şener OA, İmamoğlu O. (2018). A survey on the individual nutrition habits of university students, Sports and wellness research for all (Editors: Süleyman Gönülateş, M. Ali Öztürk), 357-369.
41) Topbaş-Bıyıklı, E., Bıyıklı, A.E., Çelik, B. (2018). Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi öğrencilerinin enerji ve besin öğesi alımlarının değerlendirilmesi. Genel Tıp Dergisi, 28(1), 28-33.
42) Türkmen M., İmamoğlu O. (2016). Elit Güreşçilerde Beslenme Yaklaşımlarının Belirlenmesi, III. Uluslararası Geleneksel Türk Güreşleri Sempozyumu ve Oyunları, Bildiri Kitapçığı, 6-8 Mayıs, s.74
43) Wintergerst ES, Maggini S, Hornig DH. (2007). Contribution of selected vitamins and trace elements to immune function. Ann Nutr Metab 51: 301–323.
44) Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, Xu S, et al. (2020). Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA InternMed. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994.
45) Vassigh, G. (2012). Üniversite öğrencilerinin fiziksel aktivite durumları ile sağlıklı beslenme indekslerinin değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
46) Vermeulen, E.,Stronks, K., Snijder, M. B., Schene, A. H., Lok, A., de Vries, J. H., . . . Nicolaou, M. (2017). A combined high-sugar and high-saturated-fat dietary pattern is associated with more depressive symptoms in a multi-ethnicpopulation: the HELIUS (Healthy Life in an Urban Setting) study. Public HealthNutr, 20(13), 2374-2382. doi:10.1017/s1368980017001550
47) Yıldırım İ., Yıldırım Y., Tortop Y., Poyraz A. (2011). Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin beslenme alışkanlıkları ve bunları etkileyen faktörler. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi [Bağlantıda]. 8:1. Erişim: http://www.InsanBilimleri.com
48) Yılmaz, G.,& Karaca, S. (2019). Spor Yapan Ve Sedanter Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Beslenme Bilgi Tutum Ve Yaşam Kalitelerinin İncelenmesi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(3), 258-266.
49) Yılmaz C, Gökmen V. (2020).Neuroactive compounds in foods: occurrence, mechanism and potential health effects. FoodResInt. 128:108744
50) Yousfi N, Bragazzi NL, Briki W et al. (2020).The COVID-19 pandemic: how tomaintain a healthy immune system during the lock down a multidisciplinary approach with special focus on athletes. BiolSport. 37(3):211–216.
51) Xia, Y.,Wang, N., Yu, B., Zhang, Q., Liu, L., Meng, G., . . . Niu, K. (2017). Dietary patterns are associated with depressive symptoms among Chinese adults: a case-control study with propensity score matching. Eur J Nutr, 56(8), 2577-2587. doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1293
52) Zhang L.,Liu, Y. (2020). Potential interventions ornovel coronavirus in China: A systematic review. Journal of MedicalVirology, 92, 479–490.