Designing and validation of an instrument for the assessment of dietary habits, physical activity, sun exposure and sleeping patterns among community-based Saudi adults

Main Article Content

Mohamed F. Farahat
Iftikhar Alam
Dara Aldisi
Mohamed H. Mahmoud
Mahmoud M. A. Abulmeaty

Keywords

Content validity, dietary habits, physical activity, sun exposure, sleeping patterns

Abstract

Background and aim: The prevalence of diet-related diseases has risen rapidly. Changes in certain lifestyle factors (dietary habits, physical activity, sun exposure, and sleeping patterns) are the key to understanding these diseases. Most of the previous research studies investigated these factors separately and hence any interrelationships that may exist among these factors is not much clear due to the lack of a comprehensive instrument that determines these factors at a time in a collective manner. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design and validate an instrument that assesses these lifestyle factors in a comprehensive way. Methods: The design and validation of the instrument were carried out in four distinct phases: a) literature review and existing instruments; b) design of the instrument c) sample selection of experts (N = 14); and d) quantitative (Likert-type scale from 1 to 5) and qualitative assessment of the degree of relevance of each of the 36 items included in the instrument. Aiken’s V coefficient was used to determine content validity. Likewise, internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach’s α-coefficient. Results: The final questionnaire had 4 parts to cover data on dietary habits, physical activity, sun exposure, and sleeping patterns. The questionnaire was also greatly improved by the qualitative comments of the experts, which were incorporated. For most of the items, the results showed demanding levels of validity (V ≥ 0.76), internal consistency (α= 0.915), and inter-rater, and intra-rater reliability. Conclusion: Therefore, it is a valid and reliable instrument that makes possible a complete assessment of dietary intake, physical activity, sun exposure, and sleeping patterns in the adult Saudi population.

Abstract 240 | PDF Downloads 137 Supplementary file Downloads 31

References

. Tavakol Z, Ghannadi S, Tabesh MR, et al. Relationship between physical activity, healthy lifestyle and COVID-19 disease severity; a cross-sectional study. Journal of Public Health 2021; 4:1-9.
. Reeves MJ, Rafferty AP. Healthy lifestyle characteristics among adults in the United States, 2000. Archives of Internal Medicine 2005; 165(8):854-7.
. Farhud DD. Impact of lifestyle on health. Iranian journal of public health 2015; 44(11):1442.
. Kockanat P, Bekar M. The relationship between sexual health behaviors and healthy lifestyle behaviors of female students in Turkey. Int J Caring Sci 2018; 11:1859-67.
. Aslan E, Bektas H, Basgol S, Demir SV. Level of information and patterns of behavior of university students in relation to sexual health. J Contin Med Educ 2014; 23:174-82.
. Addley K, McQuillan P, Ruddle M. Creating healthy workplaces in Northern Ireland: evaluation of a lifestyle and physical activity assessment programme. Occup Med (Lond) 2001; 51:439-449.
. Endevelt R, Gesser-Edelsburg A. A qualitative study of adherence to nutritional treatment: perspectives of patients and dietitians. Patient preference and adherence 2014; 8:147.
. Noland D, Raj S. Academy of nutrition and dietetics: revised 2019 standards of practice and standards of professional performance for registered dietitian nutritionists (Competent, Proficient, and Expert) in nutrition in integrative and functional medicine. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 2019; 119(6):1019-36.
. Kent PS, McCarthy MP, Burrowes JD, et al. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and National Kidney Foundation: revised 2014 standards of practice and standards of professional performance for registered dietitian nutritionists (competent, proficient, and expert) in nephrology nutrition. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 2014 Sep 1; 114(9):1448-57.
. Almeida GM, Oliveira KH, Monteiro JS, Medeiros MA, Recine EG. Educational training of nutritionists in Public Health Nutrition: A systematic review. Revista de Nutrição 2018 Feb; 31(1):97-117.
. Alasqah I, Mahmud I, East L, Usher K. Patterns of physical activity and dietary habits among adolescents in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review. International Journal of Health Sciences 2021 Mar 1; 15(2):39-48.
. DeVellis RF. Scale development: theory and applications. SAGE Publications; 2016.
. Ibáñez SJ, Martínez-Fernández S, González-Espinosa S, García-Rubio J, Feu S. Designing and Validating a Basketball Learning and Performance Assessment Instrument (BALPAI). Front. Phychol 2019; 10: 1595.
. Lawshe CH. A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel psychology 1975; 28(4):563-75.
. Aiken LR. Three coefficients for analyzing the reliability and validity of ratings. Educ. Psychol. Meas 1985; 45: 131–142.
. Penfield R, Giacobbi P. Applying a score confidence interval to Aiken’s item content-relevance index. Meas. Phys. Educ. Exerc. Sci 2004; 8: 213–225.
. Merino C, Livia J. Confidence intervals for the content validity: A Visual Basic computer program for the Aiken’s V. Anal. Psicol 2009; 25: 169–171.
. Firouzbakht M, Tirgar A, Ebadi A, et al. Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of the Short-Form Workplace Social Capital Questionnaire for Female Health Workers. Int J Occup Environ Med 2018; 9(4):184-93.
. Field A. Discovering Statistics Using SPSS; Sage Publications Ltd.: London, UK, 2013.
. Nirdnoy N, Sranacharoenpong K, Mayurasakorn K, et al. Development of the Thai semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (semi-FFQ) for people at risk for metabolic syndrome. Journal of Public Health 2021; 7:1-8.
. Md Ali MS, Yeak ZW, Khor BH, et l. HD-FFQ to Detect Nutrient Deficiencies and Toxicities for a Multiethnic Asian Dialysis Population. Nutrients 2020 Jun; 12(6):1585.
. Villarejo D, Ortega E, Gómez MA, Palao JM. Design, validation, and reliability of an observational instrument for ball possessions in rugby union. Int. J. Perf. Anal. Sport 2014; 14: 957–969.
. García-Ceberino JM, Antúnez A, Ibáñez SJ, Feu S. Design and Validation of the Instrument for the Measurement of Learning and Performance in Football. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020; 17(13):4629.
. Nguyen TT. Developing and validating five-construct model of customer satisfaction in beauty and cosmetic E-commerce. Heliyon 2020; 6(9):e04887.
. Wiersma LD. Conceptualization and development of the sources of enjoyment in youth sport questionnaire. Meas. Phys. Educ. Exerc. Sci 2001; 5: 153–177.
. Ortega-Toro E, García-Angulo A, Giménez-Egido JM, García-Angulo FJ, Palao JM. Design, Validation, and Reliability of an Observation Instrument for Technical and Tactical Actions of the Offense Phase in Soccer. Front. Phychol 2019; 10: 22.
. Cronbach LJ. Essentials of Psychological Testing, 5th ed.; Harper & Row: New York, NY, USA, 1990.
. Visiedo A, Frideres JE, Palao JM. Design, Validation, and Reliability of Survey to Measure Knowledge of Nutrition, Weight Control and its Risks. Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine 2017; 20(4): 5-17

Most read articles by the same author(s)